海带孢子体光合活性对不同温度和光照的响应

为了从生理生态学角度解答温度和光照对海带孢子体生长过程的影响,探索海带孢子体对温度和光环境的生理响应机制,实验在测定养殖海域海带孢子体生长参数的基础上,设定了6、10、14和18°C 4个水温梯度的海带孢子体暂养实验,以及它们在0、25、70、133、230、317、421、582、786μmol photons/(m2·s) 9个光合有效辐射(PAR)梯度下的光合活性荧光参数测定。结果显示:①在6°C水温条件下,海带孢子体荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最大,分别为0.71和2.40;在18°C水温条件下,其Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最小,分别为0.65和1.85;②暂养海带孢子体的光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(qN或NPQ)在18°C水温条件下达到最大,分别为0.92和3.29;③海带孢子体的快速光曲线随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增强呈现先上升后下降的趋势;④海域养殖海带孢子体的最大叶长增长速率、叶宽增长速率和干重增重率分别为1.34 cm/d、0.33 cm/d和1.01 g/d。研究表明,海带孢子体干重生长率变化与不同水温条件下的快速光曲线变化一致,高温抑制了海带孢子体光合效率;当环境光合有效辐射大于样品光饱和点(Em)后,海带孢子体相对电子传递速率下降,光合作用受到抑制。     

火灾环境下邻近罐壁热辐射分布实验

油罐火灾蔓延的主要因素是油罐热辐射,在着火罐火焰热辐射作用下,邻近罐极易被引燃,造成整个罐区大面积起火。为了研究邻近罐罐壁热辐射分布规律,建立了油罐燃烧对邻近罐热辐射影响的小尺寸实验装置,开展了火灾环境下邻近罐壁热辐射分布的实验研究。结果表明:在火灾环境下,邻近罐正对着火罐方向的罐壁受辐射作用最大,热辐射从罐顶到罐底逐渐降低、从中心向两边呈轴对称降低;随着L/D(L为相邻两个油罐的距离,D为油罐的直径)增大,邻近罐热辐射下降。实验数据为火灾环境下邻近罐的热辐射研究提供了参考,对防止邻近罐被引燃,做好油罐区火灾爆炸事故的预防具有重大意义。     

减施氮肥运筹对棉花冠层光合有效辐射及产量的影响

【目的】 通过减施氮肥运筹调控棉花生育期获得的光合有效辐射(PAR),分析各生育时期棉花APAR和FAPAR与产量的关系,提高棉花群体绿色光能利用率和产量。【方法】 5个施氮处理施基肥量一致,对不同处理的追氮肥量进行按比例减施,并监测各生育时期棉花群体光合有效辐射。【结果】 5个施氮处理的棉花APAR和FAPAR在生育期的变化规律相似,其值从蕾期逐渐上升,至盛花期和花铃期达到较高水平,随后逐渐降低,至吐絮期降到最低水平;按高低排列依次是N₁＞N₂＞N₃＞N₄＞N₅,并且棉花的APAR和FAPAR与籽棉产量存在极显著的正相关性。【结论】 减施氮肥运筹对棉花APAR和FAPAR的动态变化产生重要影响,可以利用其在生育期的变化特征来优化棉花群体冠层结构和提高产量。     

日光温室主动采光对不同种植密度番茄光合特性的影响

【目的】研究日光温室在主动采光与普通采光条件下,对其环境以及番茄叶片光合特性的影响。【方法】在主动采光与普通采光的2种日光温室内,设计4、6、8 株/m² 3种不同的番茄种植密度处理,连续3 d(晴天的条件)测得日光温室环境与番茄叶片光合作用的相关数据。【结果】主动采光日光温室环境温湿度、光照辐射方面优于非主动采光日光温室,主动采光日光温室的光照辐射均值较普通采光日光温室在3 d内分别高出了4.39%、5.85%、5.67%;两栋日光温室番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈现随着密度的增加而减弱的现象,胞间CO₂浓度则相反;就不同采光日光温室而言,主动采光日光温室番茄的光合特性较普通采光日光温室高。【结论】日光温室主动采光在环境以及番茄光合特性方面均优越于普通采光日光温室。     

Changes in soil macropores: Superposition of the roles of organic nutrient amendments and the greenhouse pattern in vegetable plantations

Organic farming can potentially mitigate soil compaction, which commonly occurs in vegetable plantations, particularly in greenhouses when compared with open‐air systems. Although several studies have addressed the effect of planting patterns on soil pore characteristics, few studies have focused on changes in pore attributes under organic fertilization. We used adjacent fields during green manure planting as a control to compare the differences in soil physicochemical and macropore parameters between 14‐year‐old greenhouse plots and open‐air plots under organic fertilization. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyse the drivers of soil macropore characteristics in vegetable plantations in Jiangsu Province, China. A significant increase in connectivity, fractal dimensions and total macroporosity and a decrease in bulk density after 14 years of organic farming, particularly in the surface layer in the greenhouse, were observed. However, the difference in pores in the plough pan layer was not significant between the treatments. The volume of small pores (50–500 μm) and medium pores (500–1,000 μm) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both the greenhouse and open‐air systems, showing significantly positive relationships with soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) content. Large pores (>1,000 μm) showed a clear decrease, especially in open‐air fields, possibly due to the disappearance of the original straw residues in the surface layer. Small and medium pores in the plough layer increased in greenhouse fields, whereas the opposite occurred in open‐air fields. Overall, compared with open‐air systems, long‐term organic greenhouse patterns had a significantly positive effect on soil pore attributes.     

In UV‐B Irradiated Rice High Levels of Mn Limits Chloroplasts Injury Triggered by Oxidative Stress

The molecular mechanism to control the oxidative burst exerted by Mn accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, grown in hydroponics containing 0.5, 2 and 8 mg l^–1 Mn and irradiated with a total biological effective UV‐B irradiation of 20.825 kJ m^?2, was investigated in the chloroplasts at the 15th and 21st days after germination. In both experimental periods, Mn accumulation kinetics in the leaves and in the chloroplast lamellae displayed overall increases. Coupled to higher membrane selectivity, superoxide production and acyl lipids peroxidation in the thylakoids decreased, prompting upper rates of the Hill and Mehler reactions. Connected to UV‐B irradiation, higher accumulated Mn in thylakoids was found to be chelated in a 36.5 kDa protein, with Mn/protein ratio of about 1 and high content of Gln, Asp, Glu, Leu and Gly, being its EPR spectrum characteristic of high‐spin Mn(II), in a S = 5/2 ground state. As this protein exhibited enzymatic catalysis of superoxide dismutation, it was concluded that, under UV‐B irradiation, the high internal tolerance of Oryza sativa L. to Mn during the vegetative growth also triggers the synthesis of a manganese protein that mimics superoxide dismutase functioning, therefore furnishing an additional intimate protection against oxidative stress.     

High-resolution fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a pituitary microtumor in a dog

A 16-year-old, castrated, male English cocker spaniel dog was presented due to generalized alopecia. Routine clinical pathology, endocrine and abdominal ultrasonography results were consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The adenohypophyseal lesion was clearly visualized on both 3 T and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. Although biochemical and MRI findings were consistent with a functional pituitary microtumor, a pituitary lesion was not detected using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This report firstly describes the application of high-resolution FDG-PET to a spontaneous pituitary microtumor in a dog.